What “Melasma” can mean
Melasma is a pattern of brown or grey-brown facial pigmentation, often affecting both sides of the face. It is usually diagnosed clinically, but other causes of pigmentation may look similar.
It is a long-term, relapse-prone condition. Management aims to reduce contrast and triggers rather than promise permanent removal.
Why it may occur
- Genetic predisposition and natural skin tone.
- Ultraviolet and visible light exposure.
- Hormonal influences, including pregnancy and some hormone-containing medicines.
- Irritating or photosensitising products may contribute in some people.
When assessment matters
Have a clinician confirm the diagnosis before treating facial pigmentation, especially if a patch is one-sided, raised, changing or otherwise unusual.
Pregnancy, medicines, skin sensitivity and previous pigment change affect which options may be appropriate.
Broad care pathways
The right starting point depends on the cause, your health and what matters to you. These categories are for discussion, not a recommendation.
Light protection
Consistent broad-spectrum sun protection and reducing visible-light exposure are commonly discussed foundations.
Topical management
A GP, dermatologist or other appropriately qualified practitioner may discuss a gradual topical plan. Irritation can worsen pigmentation.
Procedural caution
Peels and energy-based procedures are sometimes discussed, but heat or inflammation can trigger rebound or post-inflammatory pigmentation. Conservative selection and follow-up matter.
Set realistic expectations
- Improvement may be partial and recurrence is common.
- Maintenance and trigger management may be needed; aggressive treatment can make colour less even.
Questions worth asking at a consultation
- How was melasma distinguished from other pigmentation?
- What is the plan to minimise irritation and rebound?
- How will sun and visible-light protection be incorporated?
Sources and review
Editorial review: 12 August 2026. Sources are provided so you can check the clinical and safety context directly.
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